Rabbits can go without food for approximately a week without any lasting side effects, but they should not fast for more than 48 hours unless advised by a veterinarian. Although they are able to go up to seven days without eating, rabbits need to be observed closely and their water levels replenished as often as necessary. Without eating for extended periods, the rabbit may become weak, leaving them at risk for further health complications. It is important to consult with a veterinarian if your rabbit is not eating for more than 48 hours.